Network termination/aggregation unit features, Ethernet is the undisputed, global choice for Metro Access Networks (MANs) and Local Access Networks (LANs). However, existing copper access networks do not facilitate an end-to-end high-bandwidth connection, creating a bottleneck. This bottleneck is the first mile of access. This refers to the access link (most often a TDM-based copper circuit) from the business customer’s office LAN to their service provider’s MAN. ADTRAN enables service providers to remove this bottleneck through the utilisation of an improved data transmission standard. This standard, ITU-T G.998.2, is known as Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM). ADTRAN EFM over Copper (EoCu) defines a way to effectively and universally bond together lower bandwidth copper loops or pairs of wires creating a carrier Ethernet access connection. This solution, an alternative to costly fibre and microwave build-outs or expensive SONET/SDH access tariffs, leverages existing infrastructure which expedites the deployment time of the most sought after Ethernet service segment (100Mbps).